Shopkeepers in several cities penalized by the protests

Key terms

Disperse grenade

Hand grenade used by law enforcement to repel demonstrators; upon explosion, it projects in a circular and uncontrolled manner hard rubber pellets, and some may contain a CS gas or pepper gas charge. In France, it is classified as an 'intermediate force weapon' (AFI), along with the LBD and the electric impulse pistol. Wikipédia

LBD

'Defense ball launcher': term used by the French administration designating a 'sub-lethal weapon' using a projectile designed to deform or crush on impact to limit the risk of penetration into a living body, while retaining sufficient stopping power to dissuade or stop an individual. It is defined as an 'intermediate force weapon' (AFI), along with the electric impulse pistol and the disperse grenade. Wikipédia

Street medics

Militants providing first aid in a political struggle context, at demonstrations and in squats; they operate less formally than institutional paramedics and have not always received medical training. In France, collectives emerged in 2016 during strikes and anti-labor law demonstrations, and the practice was especially popularized by the media during the Yellow Vests movements in 2018 and 2019. Wikipédia

Observatoire des libertés publiques

Structure co-founded in 1994 by Maurice Rajsfus, French writer, journalist and militant, author of numerous books on the police and attacks on liberties, which he chaired until its closure. Wikipédia